The effect of hydrous RuO2 (RuO2 center dot xH(2)O) in anode on the performance of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) was examined by voltammetry, methanol stripping analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization measurement and chronopotentiometry. The results showed that, compared with the DMFC with conventional structures, the dynamic response and quasi-steady state performance of the RuO2 center dot xH(2)O-introduced DMFCs were significantly improved. The DMFC with RuO2 center dot xH(2)O layer (ROL) sandwiched between anode catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer exhibited better quasi-steady state performance than those either with ROL sandwiched between anode catalyst layer and electrolyte membrane or with RuO2 center dot xH(2)O uniformly distributed in anode catalyst layer. The maximum power density of the DMFC with this novel structure was 16% higher than the DMFC with the conventional structure. Moreover, the dynamic response of this RuO2 center dot xH(2)O-introduced cell was more stable during 250-hour of operation when compared with that of the conventional cell. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. All rights reserved.