International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol.36, No.9, 5271-5279, 2011
Liquid phase-enabled reaction of Al-Ga and Al-Ga-In-Sn alloys with water
The water-reactivity of Al-Ga and Al-Ga-In-Sn alloys is investigated as a means to utilize the chemical potential energy of Al to split water for the production of H(2). Al in bulk quantities of these alloys participates in a heterogeneous reaction with water to produce H(2) and alpha-Al(OH)(3) (bayerite). Low melting point phases in these alloys are believed to enable the observed reaction upon liquefaction by providing a means of transport for Al in the alloys to reach a reaction site. In the Al-Ga binary system, this reaction-enabling phase is shown to form at a temperature corresponding to the system's eutectic melting point. In the Al-Ga-In-Sn quaternary system this reaction-enabling phase liquefies at 9.38 degrees C, as shown using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Alloys with the composition 50 wt% Al-34 wt% Ga-11 wt% In-5 wt% Sn are reacted with distilled water in a series of controlled experiments, and H(2) yield from these reactions is measured as a function of time and temperature. Applying kinetic analysis to the yield data shows the apparent activation energy for the reaction process to be 43.8 kJ/mol. A physicochemical model for the alloy water reaction is presented in the context of the observed experimental results and relevant scientific literature. Copyright (C) 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.