Though ethanol-type fermentation has many advantages for improving hydrogen production rate (HPR) in continuously mode hydrogen producing system, information on this fermentation is very deficient. The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on biohydrogen production and operational stability of ethanol-type fermentation was investigated in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) using molasses as substrate. Five HRTs were examined, ranging from 4 to 10 h. At HRT 5 h, the highest HPR of 12.27 mmol L-1 h(-1) was obtained from ethanol-type fermentation in the pH range of 4.3-4.4. During the whole operation process, ethanol, butyrate and acetate were the predominant metabolites. A total COD concentration of ethanol and acetate accounted for above 73.3% of total soluble microbial products. Linear regression showed that HPR and ethanol production rate were proportionately correlated at all HRTs which could be expressed as y = 0.9821x - 3.5151 (r(2) = 0.9498). It is meaningful that the proposed recovery of both hydrogen and ethanol from fermentation process can improve energy production rate and economic profit. Results demonstrated that the best energy production rate was 15.50 kJ L-1 h(-1), occurred at HRT = 5 h. Copyright (c) 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.