Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, Vol.48, 201-206, 2012
Thermodynamic properties of liquid Au-Bi-Sn alloys
The thermodynamic properties of the liquid ternary Au-Bi-Sn alloys were determined using an electromotive force (EMF) method with an eutectic mixture of (KCl + LiCl) as liquid electrolyte. The cell arrangement was: W, Sn-(1)/KCl-LiCl-SnCl2/Au-Bi-Sn-(1), W. The measurements were carried out over the temperature range from 723 K to 973 K. The compositions investigated were situated on three different cross-sections with a constant ratio of Au:Bi = 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2. The partial Gibbs free energies of Sn in liquid Au-Bi-Sn alloys were determined as a function of concentration and temperature. The integral Gibbs free energy and the integral enthalpy at T = 800 K were calculated by the Gibbs-Duhem integration. The ternary interaction parameters were evaluated using the Redlich-Kister-Muggianu polynomial. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords:Lead-free solders;Au-Bi-Sn alloys;Activity;Thermodynamic properties;Electromotive force (EMF)