Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol.401, 708-711, 2014
Chemical vapor transport of chalcopyrite semiconductors: CuGaS2 and AgGaS2
Crystals of CuGaS2 and AgGaS2 with different isotopic compositions have been grown by chemical vapor transport (CVT) using iodine as the transport agent. Before performing the CVT growth, sulfur and copper were purified by sublimation and etching, respectively, Ag-109 and the etched Ga-71 isotopes were purified from oxides by vacuum annealing. Transparent yellow orange crystals of CuGaS2 and greenish yellow crystals of AgGaS2 were obtained in the shape of platelets, chunks, rods and needles in sizes of up to 8 mm (CuGaS2) and 30 mm (AgGaS2). These crystals were used to study their electronic, vibrational and themiodynamic properties. Higher exciLonic states (n=2,3) were observed at low temperatures with wavelength modulated reflectivity spectroscopy, thus proving an excellent surface and crystal quality. In addition, the experimentally determined non monotonic temperature dependence of the exciLonic energies can be well fitted by using two Bose Einstein oscillators and their statistical factors, corresponding to characteristic acoustic and optical phonon frequencies. Isotopic shift of excitonic energies has also been successfully observed in these crystals. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights resented.
Keywords:Characterization;Etching;Purification;Growth from vapor;Sulfides;Semiconducting ternary compounds