Journal of Food Engineering, Vol.116, No.3, 681-688, 2013
Behavior of functional compounds during freeze concentration of tofu whey
The liquid waste generated from tofu production, denominated as Tofu Whey (TW), contains important amounts of isoflavones that can be evaluated by various separation techniques. In this work TW was concentrated by falling-film freeze concentration from 1.9 to 15.5 degrees Brix, up to levels of 208 mg of isoflavones per 100 g solids. The levels of isoflavones, proteins, sugars, calcium and magnesium were determined both in the ice and in the concentrate obtained. It was found by rheological characterization that TW shows a Newtonian behavior at concentrations between 1.9 and 15.5 degrees Brix with freezing points of -0.6 to -2.7 degrees C. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.