Are all Growing Active Chain-Ends Located at the Surface of the Dispersed Particle in the Living Dispersion Polymerizaion System?

Hyo Jin Kim; Hyeonsoo Ryu; Keon Hyeong Kim; Soonjong Kwak; Seung Sang Hwang; Kwang Ung Kim; Jungahn Kim; Seung Soon Ihm

Korea Polymer Journal, Vol.7, No.1, 64-71, February, 1999

Hyo Jin Kim, Hyeonsoo Ryu, Keon Hyeong Kim, Soonjong Kwak , Seung Sang Hwang , Kwang Ung Kim, Jungahn Kim^†, and Seung Soon Ihm¹

Polymer Hybrids Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131 Cheongryang, Seoul, Korea
¹The Department of Textile Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul Korea

E-mail:

Synthesis of functionalized disperse polystyrenes was successfully performed through `living dispersion polymerization (LDP)'''' following surface-functionalization. The dispersed polymers were characterized by a combination of ¹H NMR, FT-IR, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis, and titration. The LDP methodology led to the production of not only the quanititative surface-carboxylated but also the surface-hydroxylated dispersed polystyrenes. It was found that 70∼90 mol% of the active and growing chain-ends in the LDP were located at the surface of the dispersed polymer particle on the basis of the functionalization yields.

[References]

Rembaum A, Tokes ZA, Microspheres; Medical and Biological Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida (1988)
Croucher CD, Winnik MA, Scientific Methods for the Study of Polymer Colloids and Their Applications, F. Candau and R.H. Ottewill, Eds., Kluwer Academic, Boston, pp. 35 (1990)
Thompson MW, Polymer Colloids, R. Buscall, T. Corner, and J.F. Stageman, Eds., Elsevier, New York, pp. 1 (1985)
Winnik MA, Lukas R, Chen EF, Furlong P, Croucher MD, Makromol. Chem. Macromol. Symp., 10-11, 483 (1987)
Walbridge DJ, Comprehensive Polymer Science, G.D. Eastmond, A. Ledwith, S. Russo, and P. Sigwalt, Eds., Pergamon, Tokyo, vol. 4, pp. 243 (1989)
Xiang XD, Sun XD, Briceno G, Lou YL, Wang KA, Chang HY, Wallacefreedman WG, Chen SW, Schultz PG, Science, 268(5218), 1738 (1995)
Balkenhohl F, von dem Bussche-Hunnefeld C, Lansky A, Zechel C, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 35, 2289 (1996)
Murer P, Lewandowski K, Svec F, Frechet JMJ, Chem. Commun., 2559 (1998)
Barrett KEJ, Dispersion Polymerization in Organic Media, Wiley-Interscience, London (1975)
Arshady R, Biomaterials, 14, 5 (1993)
Kim J, Jeong SY, Kim KU, Ahn YH, Quirk RP, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 34(16), 3277 (1996)
Quirk RP, Comprehensive Polymer Science, G. Allen, S.L. Aggarwal, and S. Russo, Eds., Pergamon Press, Tokyo, vol. 1st Suppl, pp. 83 (1992)
Hsieh HL, Quirk RP, Anionic Polymerization; Princiles and Practical Applications, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, chap. 4, pp. 261 (1996)
Rempp PF, Franta E, Adv. Polym. Sci., 58, 1 (1984)
Quirk RP, Ma JJ, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 26, 2031 (1988)
Cho JC, Kim KU, Kim KH, Kim HJ, Kim J, Chun MS, Lee CH, Jo WH, Abstract of International Symposium on Ionic on Ionic Polymerization, IP'97, Paris, pp. 206 (1997)
Morton M, Fetters LJ, Rubber Chem. Technol., 48, 359 (1975)
Wiley RH, Jin JI, Kamath Y, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 6, 1065 (1968)
Quirk RP, Yin J, Fetters LJ, Macromolecules, 22, 85 (1989)
Okay O, Funke W, Macromolecules, 23, 2623 (1990)
Kim KU, Kim J, Ahn YH, Im SS, Macromol. Symp., 118, 143 (1997)
The sample preparation for a (1)H-NMR analysis was performed by crushing the dried disperse particle in a jar and dissolving in CDCl₃, followed by filtration
Daoud M, Cotton JP, J. Phys. Paris, 43, 531 (1982)
Miyake A, Freed KF, Macromolecules, 16, 1228 (1983)
Napper DH, Polymeric Stabilization of Colloidal Dispersions, Academic Press, Tokyo, chap. 1, pp. 1 (1983)
Kim J, Cho JC, Kim KH, Kim KU, Jo WH, Quirk RP, Functional Polymers; Modern Synthetic Methods and Novel Structures, ACS Symp. Series # 704, A.O. Patil, D.N. Schulz, and B.M. Novak, Eds., Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, D.C., chap. 7, pp. 85 (1998)
Kim J, Kwak S, Kim KU, Kim KH, Cho JC, Jo WH, Lim D, Kim D, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 199, 2185 (1998)

[Referenced By]

[Related Articles]

[1] Rembaum A, Tokes ZA, Microspheres; Medical and Biological Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida (1988)

[2] Croucher CD, Winnik MA, Scientific Methods for the Study of Polymer Colloids and Their Applications, F. Candau and R.H. Ottewill, Eds., Kluwer Academic, Boston, pp. 35 (1990)

[3] Thompson MW, Polymer Colloids, R. Buscall, T. Corner, and J.F. Stageman, Eds., Elsevier, New York, pp. 1 (1985)

[4] Winnik MA, Lukas R, Chen EF, Furlong P, Croucher MD, Makromol. Chem. Macromol. Symp., 10-11, 483 (1987)

[5] Walbridge DJ, Comprehensive Polymer Science, G.D. Eastmond, A. Ledwith, S. Russo, and P. Sigwalt, Eds., Pergamon, Tokyo, vol. 4, pp. 243 (1989)

[6] Xiang XD, Sun XD, Briceno G, Lou YL, Wang KA, Chang HY, Wallacefreedman WG, Chen SW, Schultz PG, Science, 268(5218), 1738 (1995)

[7] Balkenhohl F, von dem Bussche-Hunnefeld C, Lansky A, Zechel C, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 35, 2289 (1996)

[8] Murer P, Lewandowski K, Svec F, Frechet JMJ, Chem. Commun., 2559 (1998)

[9] Barrett KEJ, Dispersion Polymerization in Organic Media, Wiley-Interscience, London (1975)

[10] Arshady R, Biomaterials, 14, 5 (1993)

[11] Kim J, Jeong SY, Kim KU, Ahn YH, Quirk RP, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 34(16), 3277 (1996)

[12] Quirk RP, Comprehensive Polymer Science, G. Allen, S.L. Aggarwal, and S. Russo, Eds., Pergamon Press, Tokyo, vol. 1st Suppl, pp. 83 (1992)

[13] Hsieh HL, Quirk RP, Anionic Polymerization; Princiles and Practical Applications, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, chap. 4, pp. 261 (1996)

[14] Rempp PF, Franta E, Adv. Polym. Sci., 58, 1 (1984)

[15] Quirk RP, Ma JJ, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 26, 2031 (1988)

[16] Cho JC, Kim KU, Kim KH, Kim HJ, Kim J, Chun MS, Lee CH, Jo WH, Abstract of International Symposium on Ionic on Ionic Polymerization, IP'97, Paris, pp. 206 (1997)

[17] Morton M, Fetters LJ, Rubber Chem. Technol., 48, 359 (1975)

[18] Wiley RH, Jin JI, Kamath Y, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 6, 1065 (1968)

[19] Quirk RP, Yin J, Fetters LJ, Macromolecules, 22, 85 (1989)

[20] Okay O, Funke W, Macromolecules, 23, 2623 (1990)

[21] Kim KU, Kim J, Ahn YH, Im SS, Macromol. Symp., 118, 143 (1997)

[22] The sample preparation for a (1)H-NMR analysis was performed by crushing the dried disperse particle in a jar and dissolving in CDCl₃, followed by filtration

[23] Daoud M, Cotton JP, J. Phys. Paris, 43, 531 (1982)

[24] Miyake A, Freed KF, Macromolecules, 16, 1228 (1983)

[25] Napper DH, Polymeric Stabilization of Colloidal Dispersions, Academic Press, Tokyo, chap. 1, pp. 1 (1983)

[26] Kim J, Cho JC, Kim KH, Kim KU, Jo WH, Quirk RP, Functional Polymers; Modern Synthetic Methods and Novel Structures, ACS Symp. Series # 704, A.O. Patil, D.N. Schulz, and B.M. Novak, Eds., Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, D.C., chap. 7, pp. 85 (1998)

[27] Kim J, Kwak S, Kim KU, Kim KH, Cho JC, Jo WH, Lim D, Kim D, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 199, 2185 (1998)