A two-stage membrane process is designed for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants. Vacuum operation on the permeate side of the membrane is the preferred option to reduce the power demand for compressing the huge feed volume. The energy recovered from the CO2-depleted emission stream and the energy consumed for post-capture CO2 liquefaction are considered in this simulation study. A numerical modeling of the membrane process and a brief description on assessing both the capital and operating costs of the process are provided. It is found that the membrane area requirement is dominated by recovery of the lower concentrations of CO2 in the tail portion of the flue gas stream. Process optimizations allowing the minimal CO2 capture cost or minimal power demand indicate that current membrane technology is promising for flue gas CO2 capture, assuming a permeance of 1000 GPU and CO2/N-2 selectivity of 30. The potential of membrane technology for CO2 capture was also explored by using membranes with a CO2/N-2 selectivity of 50 and 200. (C) 2012 National Research Council. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.