To increase the electronic conductivity of insulating polymer binders, highly conductive graphene is introduced as a nanofiller for conventional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) binder. The performance of the graphene/PVdF composite binder is investigated in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) with the anodic performance of lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) materials. Additionally, the effect of the composite binder is compared to a case in which an identical amount of graphene is physically mixed during the manufacturing process of LTO electrodes. The graphene in the composite binder forms chemical bonds with PVdF and provides an effective electron pathway by bridging LTO particles in the LTO electrodes, leading to rapid electron transfer and low charge transfer resistance. Consequently, the electrochemical performance of the LTO electrode is significantly enhanced using the conductive composite binder, regardless of the existence of the conducting agent, super-P. Contrastingly, the physically mixed graphene is agglomerated in the LTO electrodes, leading to poor cell performance. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.