The blue wing of butterfly Euploea mulciber is used as a template to generate Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites. Thereinto, Ag nanoparticles are deposited uniformly onto TiO2 substrate with three dimensional (3D) submicrometer structures. This unique 3D sub-micrometer structures featured with ridges, ribs and struts can provide a large number of active "hot spots" for enhanced Raman signal. Meanwhile, depositing Ag onto the TiO2 surface can greatly boost its SERS effect and photocatalytic activity by bringing additional electrons into the molecules and inhibiting electrons-holes recombination. Thus, the as-prepared 3D Ag/TiO2 submicrostructures can not only offer sensitive and reproducible SERS signals, but also present superior photocatalytic activity, which can be utilized to detect and eliminate organic pollutants. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.