The behavior of microemulsions in the sodium dioleyl phosphate (SDOLP)/n-heptane system was investigated. This system provided a water-in-oil microemulsion without using a cosurfactant. The phase diagram of the WinsorII was determined. Along the phase boundary between the microemulsion and the excess brine solution, the small angle X-ray scattering, the viscosity, and the electric conductivity of the microemulsions were measured. SDOLP provided the spherical aggregates, which were highly isolated from each other even in the concentrated region of the aggregates. These characteristics were estimated to be attributed to peculiar packing of the hydrocarbon chain tails of SDOLP due to cis-double bonds.