Basic biomass sources in Lithuania are comprised of wood, straw, biofuel and biogas. The current status and the problems from using biomass for energy production in Lithuania are analyzed. The possibility of utilizing wood waste, firewood, straw and biogas for energy is evaluated. Forest comprises about 2.05 Mha or 31.3% of Lithuanian land area. About 4.3 million m(3) solid volume of wood per year can be used for fuel (843 ktoe). Wood as fuel is used directly or in processed form (briquettes, pellets and chips). Agriculture produces approximately 1.5-2.0 million tons of straw each year for animal feed, litter and olericulture. Around 30-40% (130 ktoe) could be used as fuel for energy production. Boiler houses for combusting the straw have increased and now comprise about 7 MW. Straw is also used for heating private houses. Sources for biogas production include sludge from water cleaning equipment, animal manure and organic waste in food processing companies. Total volume of operating bioreactors comprises about 24 000 m(3) and annual production of biogas is 6.3 million m(3) per year (3.4 ktoe). By year 20 10 the total volume of bioreactors will increase to 35 000 m3 and about 50 000 m3 by 2040. In Lithuania biodiesel and bioethanol are mainly used in blending with conventional fuel. Following the requirements of the European Union (EU), 2% of total consumed fuel per year is to be produced in 2005. By 2010 biofuel should comprise not less than 5.75% of all fuel existing in the market. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.