Hydrolysates from olive prunings (a renewable, low-cost, easily available, agricultural residue) were fermented with the unconventional yeast Candida tropicalis NBRC 0618 to produce not only ethanol fuel but also xylitol as a by-product, which adds value to the economic viability of the bioprocess. Autohydrolysis took place at 200 degrees C in a stirred stainless-steel tank reactor. The influence of the solid/liquid ratio in the reactor was studied. Fermentation experiments were conducted in a batch-culture reactor at a temperature of 30 degrees C, a stirring rate of 500 rpm and pH values of between 5.0 and 6.5. Under the operating conditions tested the highest yields of ethanol and xylitol were obtained with the hydrolysate fermented at pH 5.0 and solely the airflow that entered via the stirring vortex. Under these conditions, the instantaneous ethanol yield was 0.44 g g(-1) and the overall xylitol yield 0.13 g g(-1). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.