Wind Turbines (WT) are one of the fastest growing sources of power production in the world today and there is a constant need to reduce the costs of operating and maintaining them. Condition monitoring (CM) is a tool commonly employed for the early detection of faults/failures so as to minimise downtime and maximize productivity. This paper provides a review of the state-of-the-art in the CM of wind turbines, describing the different maintenance strategies, CM techniques and methods, and highlighting in a table the various combinations of these that have been reported in the literature. Future research opportunities in fault diagnostics are identified using a qualitative fault tree analysis. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.