A highly detailed PV array model has been developed to deal explicitly with non-uniform irradiance and other non-uniformities across the array. The model has been extensively validated against data from an outdoor test system. The model makes use of Pspice proprietary electronic simulation software to represent all mismatch effects including non-uniform irradiance and temperature and intrinsic cell performance variations on a cell by cell basis. The model outputs several IV characteristics per simulation. The model refers to a specific Pspice library for the solar cell parameters; in this way the model can be adapted to different technologies. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.