Thin Solid Films, Vol.548, 517-525, 2013
Investigation of Al2O3 barrier film properties made by atomic layer deposition onto fluorescent tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium molecular films
Al2O3 films have been deposited at 85 degrees C by atomic layer deposition onto single 100 nm thick tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (AlQ(3)) films made onto silicon wafers. It has been found that a thick ALD-deposited Al2O3 layer (>11 nm) greatly prevents the photo-oxidation of AlQ(3) films when exposed to continuous UV irradiation (350 mW/cm(2)). Thin Al2O3 thicknesses (<11 nm) on the contrary yield lower barrier performances. Defects in the Al2O3 layer have been easily observed as non-fluorescent AlQ(3) singularities, or black spots, under UV light on the system Si/AlQ(3)/Al2O3 stored into laboratory conditions (22 degrees C/50% Relative Humidity (RH)) for long time scale (similar to 2000 h). Accelerated aging conditions in a climatic chamber (85 degrees C/85% RH) also allow faster visualization of the same defects (168 h). The black spot density grows upon time and the black spot density occurrence rates have been calculated to be 0.024 h(-1) . cm(-2) and 0.243 h(-1) . cm(-2) respectively for the two testing conditions. A detailed investigation of these defects did show that they cannot be ascribed to the presence of a detectable particle. In that sense they are presumably the consequence of the existence of nanometre-scaled defects which cannot be detected onto fresh samples. Interestingly, an additional overcoating of ebeam-deposited SiO2 onto the Si/AlQ(3)/Al2O3 sample helps to decrease drastically the black spot density occurrence rates down to 0.004 h(-1) . cm(-2) and 0.04 h(-1) . cm(-2) respectively for 22 degrees C/50% RH and 85 degrees C/85% RH testing conditions. These observations highlight the moisture sensitivity of low temperature ALD-deposited Al2O3 films and confirm the general idea that a single Al2O3 ALD film performs as an ultra-high barrier but needs to be overprotected from water condensation by an additional moisture-stable layer. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
Keywords:tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminium;Atomic layer deposition;Thin film barrier;Encapsulation;Defects;Silicon dioxide;Organic light emitting diodes