Natural fibers have been actively investigated for the reinforcement of biocomposite, absorbent, and functional fibers, because of their environmentally friendly properties. We manufactured carbon materials based on two different natural fibers by heat treatment at 700, 900, and 1100 °C, respectively. The thermal behavior, surface morphology, and electrical properties of these carbon materials were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM); specifically, the electrical properties were studied through three-dimensional current images, and the current-voltage curve (I-V) characteristics using current-atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) on a nano-ampere scale. The thermal stability, roughness, and local current of the carbon materials were improved by increasing the carbonization temperature, and carbonized filter paper (FP) showed higher values in all characterization analyses than carbonized henequen (HQ) due to the higher content of cellulose in FP. Moreover, the currentvoltage characteristics of carbonized FP at 1100 °C and commercial carbon fiber were similar at high voltages (-5 or 5 V). Therefore, we expected that carbon materials from FP would be more suitable than HQ for use as environmentally friendly electrode materials.