Cyclic voltammetry and steady state current-potential measurements, as well as physicochemical methods, have been used to elucidate the electrocatalytic properties of LixNi1-xO electrodes in the oxygen evolution reaction in KOH and LiOH electrolytes. By varying the lithium content in LixNi1-xO (x = 0 to x = 0.42) and correspondingly the mean oxidation state of nickel (2 to 3) and the crystal structure type (from disordered to ordered rock salt type), it has been shown that nickel hydroxide thin films are formed electrochemically on the oxide surface. The structures of these nickel hydroxide films are determined not only by the chemical composition and crystal structure of LixNi1-xO substrates but also determined by the anodic polarization conditions and the electrolyte type. alpha-Type Ni.OH.H2O is deposited on NiO, and during anodic polarization it is partially transformed to beta-type Ni.OH, resulting in an enhanced electrocatalytic activity. On ordered LixNi1-xO (0.3 less than or equal to x < 0.5), oxyhydroxide films of Ni.O.OH are formed by ion exchange of Li+ with electrolyte protons. During anodic polarization of these samples, Ni4+ ions are stabilized, with a consequent significant decrease in their electrocatalytic activity. The highest activity towards O-2 evolution is displayed by LixNi1-xO (0.05 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.2) with a disordered rock salt structure, on which beta-type Ni.OH films, which are stable during anodic polarization, are formed. The possible insertion of electrolyte ions into the nickel hydroxide films is discussed on the basis of comparative measurements performed in KOH and LiOH electrolytes.