Aurivillius oxide semiconductors are important photocatalysts because of their unique electronic structure and layered crystal. In this paper, two kinds of Aurivillius oxide semiconductor heterostructures based on Bi4Ti3O12 nanofiber frameworks and Bi2XO6 (X= Mo,W)nanosheets are successfully synthesized by combining the electrospinning technique and solvothermal method. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy results reveal that an intimate interface between Bi4Ti3O12 nanofibers and Bi2MoO6 or Bi2WO6 nanosheets forms in the heterojunctions. Photocatalytic tests show that the Bi4Ti3O12/Bi2XO6 (X = Mo, W) heterostructures exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity than bare Bi4Ti3O12 and Bi2XO6 (X = Mo, W) under visible light, mainly owing to the photoinduced interfacial charge transfer based on the photosynergistic effect of the Bi4Ti3O12/Bi2XO6 heterojunction. The heterostructures can be reclaimed easily by sedimentation without a decrease of the photocatalytic activity due to the large length to diameter ratio of nanofiber frameworks. Moreover, such simple and versatile strategy can provide a general way to fabricate other heterostructures of Bi(III)-containing oxides, such as Bi4Ti3O12/BiVO4 and Bi4Ti3O12/BiOCl. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.