In the present paper, experimental data on extractive desulfurization of liquid fuel using 3-butyl-4-methylthiazolium thiocyanate [BMTH]SCN is presented. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), H-1 NMR, and 13C NMR analyses have been discussed for the molecular confirmation of synthesized [BMTH]SCN. Further, conductivity, solubility, and viscosity analyses of [BMTH]SCN were performed. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, sulfur compounds, ultrasonication, and recycling of [BMTH]SCN without regeneration on removal of dibenzothiophene from liquid fuel were also investigated. In the extractive desulfurization process, the removal of dibenzothiophene in octane was 81.2% for mass ratio of 1:1 in 30 min at 30 degrees C under the mild reaction conditions. Thiazolium ionic liquids could be reused five times without a significant decrease in activity. Also, the desulfurization of real fuels, multistage extraction was examined. The data and results provided in present paper explore the significant insights of thiazolium based ionic liquids as novel extractant for extractive desulfurization of liquid fuels.