This study aims at investigating the effect of solution elasticity on fiber diameter of electrospun nanofibers using viscoelastic Boger fluids of poly(vinyl alcohol) having varying degrees of elasticity (expressed in terms of relaxation time (lambda) and Deborah number (De)) and similar viscosity. On electrospinning, the solutions with higher elasticity formed fibers with larger diameter, thereby, experiencing lower extension (on the order of 10(4)), compared to the solutions of lower elasticity, which underwent higher extensions (up to 10(6)), resulting in finer fibers. The diameter of the spun nanofibers was found to have a strong dependence on ? of the solutions. Effect of elasticity was also evident when the fiber diameter increased slightly with the increase in flow rate for solutions with higher elasticity. However, the effect of distance was negligible on the fiber diameter. The results suggest that the elasticity of the solution has an important role in governing the final diameter of electrospun fibers.