Nickel nanoparticles supported on carbon nanofibers (CNF) can be stabilized in aqueous phase processes at elevated temperatures and pressures by tuning the reaction conditions to control Ni oxidation and leaching. As a showcase, Ni/CNF was used for the production of hydrogen via aqueous phase reforming of ethylene glycol (EG). Under standard conditions (T = 230 degrees C, inert atmosphere, 1 wt.% EG), extensive catalyst deactivation occurred as a result of Ni particle growth. The extent of Ni particle growth was diminished either by using a more reducing environment by introducing additional H-2 into the reactor or by increasing the concentration of reactant. Deactivation of the Ni/CNF catalyst due to particle growth was almost completely prevented by addition of KOH to the reaction mixture. Stable H-2 production was achieved with high hydrogen selectivity (99%) during 50 h on stream by addition of KOH, while without KOH the catalyst lost 93% of its initial activity and the H-2 selectivity was lower (90%). The increased stability of Ni particles under both alkaline and reducing conditions is ascribed to the suppression of Ni leaching, which prevented subsequent particle growth via Ostwald ripening. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.