The controlled assembly of oppositely charged polysaccharides led to colloids stable in physiological media, capable of encapsulating a molecular drug and of sorbing proteins at their interface. Two types of particles were obtained: both chitosan-dextran sulfate (CS-DS) and chitosan-heparin (CS-HP) stable over 30 days in PBS at 25 and 37 degrees C. At gastric pH 1.2, these particles remained stable over 3 days, enough for a stomach transit. The structural analysis by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed that CS-DS surface was semi-rough and chains inside particle exhibited rod-like conformation. Moreover, the particle interfaces could efficiently be functionalized with anti-OVA or anti-alpha 4 beta 7 antibodies, in PBS, with the conservation of the antibody bioactivity over at least 8 days. Finally, during the assembly process, a molecular model drug, AMP, could be encapsulated with a loading efficiency up to 72% for CS-DS particles and 66% for CS-HP. All these data establish that the controlled assembly process under equilibrium conditions lead to colloids well suited for the targeted nanodelivery of drugs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.