A novel self-supported electrode of three-dimensional Co3O4/Co-3(VO4)(2) hybrid nanorods on the conductive substrate of nickel foam have been designed and synthesized by the combination of hydrothermal synthesis and subsequent annealing treatment. Based on the morphology, a possible mechanism is proposed. The unique nanostructure has been served as an "ion reservoir" to infiltrate between the electrode surface area and the electrolyte, which can ensure the ion/electron transfer. And the powerful distribution of electric field on nanorods makes the surface in response the electrode reaction as completely as possible. The electrode manifests satisfying capacitance of 847.2 F g(-1), outstanding rate capability and excellent cycling stability. Also, an asymmetric supercapacitor has been assembled, where Co3O4/Co-3(VO4)(2) and activated carbon acted as the positive and negative electrodes respectively, and the maximum specific capacitance of 105 F g(-1) and the specific energy of 38 Wh kg(-1) are demonstrated at a cell voltage between 0 and 1.6 V, exhibiting a high energy density and stable power characteristic. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.