In this study, a new 5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-containing vinyl monomer and its polymer were synthesized. The characterizations of the ligand, monomer and polymer were carried out using FTIR, UV-Vis, 1 H-NMR, elemental analysis and gel permeation chromatography techniques. The roughness average, root-mean-square roughness, surface skewness and surface kurtosis parameters of the poly(PTMPMA) film were found to be 1.98 nm, 2.84 nm, 1.529 and 5.777, respectively. Effects of the annealing temperature on optical properties of the poly(2-(((5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole2-yl)imino)methyl)phenyl methacrylate) (PTMPMA) were investigated. The important optical parameters such as refractive index, optical band gap, angle of incidence, imaginary part of optical conductivity and real part of dielectric constants of the poly(PTMPMA) decrease and other important optical parameters such as excitation and dispersion energy, angle of refraction, real part of optical conductivity and imaginary part of dielectric constants of the poly(PTMPMA) increase with increasing annealing temperature. The absorption band edge values of the polymer films were found to be 2.34, 1.85 and 1.74 eV for 298, 523 and 643 K, respectively. The optical band gap values of the polymer films were found to be 3.314, 2.943 and 2.917 eV for 298, 523 and 643 K, respectively. The poly(PTMPMA) can be used as an active polymer layer in production of the electronic devices such as polymer diodes and metal-semiconductor contacts.