Solid State Ionics, Vol.268, 277-281, 2014
Electrochemical properties of reheated molten salt synthesized (M1/2Sb1/2Sn)O-4 (M = V, Fe, In) cycled in the voltage range of 0.005-1.0 and 0.005-3.0 V
Mixed metal oxides (M1/2Sb1/2Sn)O-4 (M = V, Fe, In) were prepared using the molten salt method at low temperature followed by reheating the samples at 500 degrees C in air to improve the crystallinity. The XRD patterns of reheated compounds showed a single phase tetragonal SnO2 type structure. BET surface area test showed that (M1/2Sb1/2Sn)O-4 has significantly large specific surface areas of 99, 118 and 46 m(2)/g for M = V, Fe and In, respectively. Li-cycling mechanism involve alloying-de-alloying reactions of Sn, In and Sb with Li using M = V, Fe as matrix elements. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed similar cathodic peak at similar to 0.11 V from the 3rd cycle onwards and anodic peaks at similar to 0.2 V and similar to 0.6 V from the 1st cycle. Further galvanostatic dischargecharge cycling studies were performed on all compounds at a current density of 60 mA g(-1), and in the voltage ranges of 0.005-1.0 V vs. Li and 0.005-3.0 V vs. Li. All compounds showed stable capacities after 60 cycles with negligible capacity loss when cycled at the low voltage range of 0.005-1.0 V, with decreasing capacity in the order of V, Fe, and In. On the other hand, the results of cycling at the high voltage range of 0.005-3.0 V showed higher reversible capacity at initial cycle and large capacity loss during cycling. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.