This review summarises the formation of aerated flocs or aeroflocs and describes their use in solid/liquid or liquid/oil/water separations during flocculation-flotation wastewater treatment. Here, the key future flocculation devices, techniques and trends are reviewed. Knowledge regarding the formation of aeroflocs and their current applications will be used for future applications and lead to the development of compact and high-throughput devices for rapid flocculation-flotation separations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.