Efficient modification of transparent graphene electrodes by electron beam irradiation for organic solar cells

Su-Hyeon Kim; Yong-Jin Noh; Sung-Nam Kwon; Byung-Nam Kim; Byung-Cheol Lee; Si-Young Yang; Chan-Hee Jung; Seok-In Na

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.26, 210-213, June, 2015

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2014.11.031 Export Citation

Efficient modification of transparent graphene electrodes by electron beam irradiation for organic solar cells

Su-Hyeon Kim, Yong-Jin Noh, Sung-Nam Kwon, Byung-Nam Kim¹, Byung-Cheol Lee¹, Si-Young Yang, Chan-Hee Jung², and Seok-In Na^†

Professional Graduate School of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, Deokjin-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 561-756, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
¹Radiation Equipment Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
²Research Division for Industry and Environment, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 580-185, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea

E-mail:

A simple, solvent-free, and efficient electron beam (EB)-irradiation based modification of graphene and its use as a transparent electrode in organic solar cells (OSCs) were described in this research. A chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-prepared graphene was irradiated by an energetic EB for various irradiation times to modify its chemical and electrical properties. The analytical results revealed that the graphene was successfully modified by EB irradiation-induced oxidation and amorphization, and thereby resulting in the increase in its sheet resistance and work function. Moreover, on the basis of the results of the OSC-performance test, the OSCs with the graphene electrode modified at the irradiation time of 5 s exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency of 2.76%, which is much better than that with a non-irradiated graphene electrode. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the EB irradiation could be used in effectively tuning the graphene's properties and the resulting EB-treated graphene can be directly applicable as a transparent electrode and beneficial for high-performance organic electronics.

Keywords:Organic solar cells;Electron beam irradiation;Graphene;Carbon electrodes;Transparent electrodes

[References]

Geim AK, Novoselov KS, Nat. Mater., 6(3), 183 (2007)
Morozov SV, Novoselov KS, Katsnelson MI, Schedin F, Elias DC, Jaszczak JA, Geim AK, Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 016602 (2008)
Li X, Zhu Y, Cai W, Borysiak M, Han B, Chen D, Piner RD, Colombo L, Ruoff RS, Nano Lett., 9, 4359 (2009)
Geng DS, Yang SL, Zhang Y, Yang JL, Liu J, Li RY, Sham TK, Sun XL, Ye SY, Knights S, Appl. Surf. Sci., 257(21), 9193 (2011)
Jeon YJ, Yun JM, Kim DY, Na SI, Kim SS, Appl. Surf. Sci., 296, 140 (2014)
He YH, Wang L, Chen XL, Wu ZF, Li W, Cai Y, Wang N, Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, 033109 (2011)
Krasheninnikov AV, Banhart F, Nat. Mater., 6(10), 723 (2007)
Warner JH, Rummeli MH, Ge L, Gemming T, Montanari B, Harrison NM, Buchner B, Briggs GAD, Nat. Nanotechnol., 4(8), 500 (2009)
Childres I, Jauregui LA, Foxe M, Tian J, Jalilian R, Jovanovic I, Chen YP, Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, 173109 (2010)
Teweldebrhan D, Balandin AA, Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, 013101 (2009)
Kim KJ, Choi JH, Lee HG, Lee HK, Kang TH, Han YH, Lee BC, Kim SH, Kim BS, J. Phys. Chem., 112, 13062 (2008)
Kim SH, Lee CH, Yun JM, Noh YJ, Kim SS, Lee SH, Jo SM, Joh HI, Na SI, Nanoscale, 6, 7183 (2014)
Imamura G, Saiki K, J. Phys. Chem. C, 118, 11842 (2014)
Iqbal MZ, Khan MF, Iqbal MW, Eom J, J. Mater. Chem., 2, 5404 (2014)
Wan XJ, Long GK, Huang L, Chen YS, Adv. Mater., 23(45), 5342 (2011)
Thomsen C, Reich S, Phys. Rev. Lett., 85, 5214 (2000)
Ferrari AC, Robertson J, Phys. Rev., B, Condens. Matter, 61, 14095 (2000)
Na SI, Kim TS, Oh SH, Kim JK, Kim SS, Kim DY, Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, 223305 (2010)
Na SI, Kim SS, Jo J, Kim DY, Adv. Mater., 20(21), 4061 (2008)
Yeo JS, Yun JM, Kim DY, Park SJ, Kim SS, Yoon MH, Kim TW, Na SI, ACS Appl. Mater., 4, 2551 (2012)

[Referenced By]

[1] Geim AK, Novoselov KS, Nat. Mater., 6(3), 183 (2007)

[2] Morozov SV, Novoselov KS, Katsnelson MI, Schedin F, Elias DC, Jaszczak JA, Geim AK, Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 016602 (2008)

[3] Li X, Zhu Y, Cai W, Borysiak M, Han B, Chen D, Piner RD, Colombo L, Ruoff RS, Nano Lett., 9, 4359 (2009)

[4] Geng DS, Yang SL, Zhang Y, Yang JL, Liu J, Li RY, Sham TK, Sun XL, Ye SY, Knights S, Appl. Surf. Sci., 257(21), 9193 (2011)

[5] Jeon YJ, Yun JM, Kim DY, Na SI, Kim SS, Appl. Surf. Sci., 296, 140 (2014)

[6] He YH, Wang L, Chen XL, Wu ZF, Li W, Cai Y, Wang N, Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, 033109 (2011)

[7] Krasheninnikov AV, Banhart F, Nat. Mater., 6(10), 723 (2007)

[8] Warner JH, Rummeli MH, Ge L, Gemming T, Montanari B, Harrison NM, Buchner B, Briggs GAD, Nat. Nanotechnol., 4(8), 500 (2009)

[9] Childres I, Jauregui LA, Foxe M, Tian J, Jalilian R, Jovanovic I, Chen YP, Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, 173109 (2010)

[10] Teweldebrhan D, Balandin AA, Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, 013101 (2009)

[11] Kim KJ, Choi JH, Lee HG, Lee HK, Kang TH, Han YH, Lee BC, Kim SH, Kim BS, J. Phys. Chem., 112, 13062 (2008)

[12] Kim SH, Lee CH, Yun JM, Noh YJ, Kim SS, Lee SH, Jo SM, Joh HI, Na SI, Nanoscale, 6, 7183 (2014)

[13] Imamura G, Saiki K, J. Phys. Chem. C, 118, 11842 (2014)

[14] Iqbal MZ, Khan MF, Iqbal MW, Eom J, J. Mater. Chem., 2, 5404 (2014)

[15] Wan XJ, Long GK, Huang L, Chen YS, Adv. Mater., 23(45), 5342 (2011)

[16] Thomsen C, Reich S, Phys. Rev. Lett., 85, 5214 (2000)

[17] Ferrari AC, Robertson J, Phys. Rev., B, Condens. Matter, 61, 14095 (2000)

[18] Na SI, Kim TS, Oh SH, Kim JK, Kim SS, Kim DY, Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, 223305 (2010)

[19] Na SI, Kim SS, Jo J, Kim DY, Adv. Mater., 20(21), 4061 (2008)

[20] Yeo JS, Yun JM, Kim DY, Park SJ, Kim SS, Yoon MH, Kim TW, Na SI, ACS Appl. Mater., 4, 2551 (2012)