Preparation and characterization of monodisperse polystyrene-silica nanocomposites

Eunhye Kim; Sooyeon Kim; Sung Soo Kim

Macromolecular Research, Vol.23, No.8, 787-794, August, 2015

DOI10.1007/s13233-015-3097-y Export Citation

Preparation and characterization of monodisperse polystyrene-silica nanocomposites

Eunhye Kim¹, Sooyeon Kim¹, and Sung Soo Kim^{2, 1, †}

¹Regional Innovation Center, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, 446-701, Korea
²Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, 446-701, Korea

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Polystyrene-silica nanocomposites were successfully prepared by UV-induced graft polymerization of styrene onto a silica surface. Composites were prepared by batch and continuous-circulation reactions, and results indicated that polystyrene was successfully grafted onto inorganic silica particles for both reactions. Scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry analyses of the composites indicated 45% volume increase and 37% polymer content after an optimal reaction time of 30 minutes, respectively, for the batch reaction. For the continuous-circulation reaction, the corresponding results were 63% volume increase and 42% polymer content after 140 min of reaction time. Fourier Transform-Raman spectroscopy analysis of composites showed the characteristic peaks of both silica and polystyrene thus confirming the successful graft-polymerization for both reactions. Disappearance of C-H and C=C ring stretching bands at 3070 and 1578 cm-1 in composites after their optimal reaction times for both reactions indicated a possible ring opening mechanism due to prolonged exposal to the UV light source. For the batch reaction, composites showed new vibration bands at 1052 and 812 cm-1 for asymmetric and symmetric Si-O-C stretching, respectively, indicating a covalent bond between the grafted polymer and silica surface. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed an increase in the elemental concentration of carbon from 5 to 46% for 30 minute composites in batch reaction. XPS analysis also indicated that the relative OH group content of the surface of the silica particles determines the effectiveness of the graft-polymerization of styrene.

Keywords:organic-inorganic nanocomposites;UV-induced graft polymerization;polystyrene;silica

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Kim EH, Kim SY, Kim SS, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 464, 217 (2007)
Kim KS, Kim JK, Kim WS, J. Mater. Res., 2, 545 (2001)
Kaczmarek H, Swiatek M, Kaminska A, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 83, 35 (2004)
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[Related Articles]

[1] Pu Z, Mark JE, Jethmalani JM, Ford WT, Chem. Mater., 9, 2442 (1997)

[2] Shirai Y, Tsubokawa N, React. Funct. Polym., 32(2), 153 (1997)

[3] Chen CC, Lin DJ, Don TM, Huang FH, Cheng LP, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 354, 3828 (2008)

[4] Bawden MJ, Turner SR, in Electronic and Photonic Applications of Polymers, Advances in Chemistry Series, Vol. 218, ACS, Washington, DC, 1988.

[5] Ratner BJ, Biomed. Mater. Res., 27, 837 (1993)

[6] von Werne T, Patten TE, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 121(32), 7409 (1999)

[7] von Werne T, Patten TE, ACS PMSE Prepr., 82, 294 (2000)

[8] Hong CY, Li X, Pan CY, Eur. Polym. J., 43, 4114 (2007)

[9] Liu P, Liu WM, Xue QJ, Eur. Polym. J., 40, 267 (2004)

[10] Ueda J, Sato S, Tsunokawa A, Yamauchi T, Tsubokawa N, Eur. Polym. J., 41, 193 (2005)

[11] Ranby B, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 19, 337 (1999)

[12] Tsubokawa N, Ishida H, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 30, 2241 (1992)

[13] Tsubokawa N, Ishida H, Polym. J., 8, 809 (1992)

[14] Shipp DA, Wang JL, Matyjaszewski K, Macromolecules, 31(23), 8005 (1998)

[15] Wang JS, Matyjaszewski K, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117(20), 5614 (1995)

[16] Mallik AK, Rahman MM, Czaun M, Takafuji M, Ihara H, J. Chromatogr. A, 1187, 119 (2008)

[17] Kim S, Kim E, Kim S, Kim W, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 292(1), 93 (2005)

[18] Kim SS, Kim SY, Kim EH, Korea Patent, 10-0823830 (2008).

[19] Kim EH, Kim SY, Kim SS, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 464, 217 (2007)

[20] Kim KS, Kim JK, Kim WS, J. Mater. Res., 2, 545 (2001)

[21] Kaczmarek H, Swiatek M, Kaminska A, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 83, 35 (2004)

[22] Nayfeh H, Rogozhina EV, Mitas L, in Synthesis, Functionalization and Surface Treatment of Nanoparticles, te Baraton MI, Ed., American Scientific Publishers, Stevenson Ranch, 2003.

[23] Viard J, Beche E, Perarnau D, Berjoan R, Durand J, J. European Ceram. Soc., 17, 2025 (1997)