Applied Chemistry for Engineering, Vol.26, No.5, 615-620, October, 2015
폴리프로필렌/대나무 섬유 복합체의 물성에 대한 상용화제의 영향
Effect of the Compatibilizer on Physical Properties of Polypropylene (PP)/Bamboo Fiber (BF) Composites
E-mail:
초록
폴리프로필렌(polypropylene, PP)과 대나무 섬유(bamboo fiber, BF) 복합체의 물성에 미치는 상용화제의 영향을 고찰하기 위해 이축압출기를 이용하여 PP/BF 복합체를 제조하였다. BF의 함량은 10에서 25 wt%로 변량하였고, 상용화제는 3 wt%로 고정하였으며, 폴리프로필렌과 대나무 섬유와의 혼화성 증대를 위한 상용화제는 무수말레인산(maleic anhydride, MAH)이 그라프트된 PP-g-MAH를 사용하였다. 상용화제를 적용한 복합체의 화학구조는 적외선 분광 스펙트럼의 1700 cm-1 근처에서 나타나는 카르보닐기(C=O) 신축진동 피크의 존재 여부를 통해 확인하였으며, 압출온도와 스크류 회전속도는 기계적 물성과 탄화 정도를 고려하여 210, 100 rpm으로 선정하였다. PP/BF 복합체의 용융거동은 큰차이를 보이지 않았지만 결정화 온도는 10-20 ℃ 정도 증가를 나타내었고, 이는 BF가 불균일 핵제로 작용하기 때문으로 해석할 수 있다. 인장시험, 굴곡시험을 통해 BF의 함량이 15-20 wt%일 때 상용화제의 효과가 뚜렷하게 나타나는 것을 확인하였고, 이는 PP와 BF의 계면 접착특성으로 설명할 수 있다. 계면 접착특성 향상은 파단면의 SEM 사진과 접촉각을 통해 확인하였다.
Polypropylene (PP)/bamboo fiber (BF) composites were fabricated by twin screw extruder in order to investigate effects of the compatibilizer on physical properties of PP/BF composites. The content of BF changed from 10 to 25 wt% and that of the compatibilizer was fixed at 3 wt%. Maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MAH) was used to increase the compatibility between PP and BF as a compatibilizer. Chemical structures of the composites were confirmed by the existence of carbonyl group (C=O) stretching peak at 1,700 cm-1 in FT-IR spectrum. Considering the degradation and mechanical properties, the optimum extrusion conditions were selected to be 210 ℃ and 100 rpm, respectively. There was no distinct changes in melting temperature of the composites, but the crystallization temperature increased by 10-20 ℃ owing to the heterogeneous nuclei of BF. It was checked that the optimum BF content was in the range of 15-20 wt% from the results of tensile and flexural properties of the composites. The effect of the compatibilizer on mechanical properties was confirmed by SEM images of fractured surface and contact angles.
- Ka SS, Moon KH, Jang CJ, Development trend of automotive natural fiber reinforced plastic composite and development of light weight material with LFP, Conference of KSAE, 09-80226, 1349-1355 (2009).
- Kwak SB, Lee SL, Lee HY, Yun SH, Kim SH, Lee JY, Development of door trim which applied integration process using eco uni-material, Annual Conference of KSAE, 11, 2491-2497 (2011).
- Abdul Khaili HPS, Bhat IUH, Jawaid M, Zaidon A, Hermawan D, Hadi YS, Mater. Des., 42, 353 (2012)
- Zakikhani P, Zahari R, Sultan MTH, Majid DL, Mater. Des., 63, 820 (2014)
- Liu DG, Song JW, Anderson DP, Chang PR, Hua Y, Cellulose, 19, 1449 (2012)
- Fuentes CA, Tran LQN, Dupont-Gillain C, Van vuure AW, Verpoest I, Eurpean Conference on Composite Material, 24 (2012)
- Cai GF, Wang JK, Nie YN, Tian XC, Zhu XD, Zhou ZP, Polym. Compos., 32, 1945 (2011)
- Liu H, Wu Q, Han G, Kojima Y, Suzuki S, Compos. Part A, 39, 1891 (2008)
- Nayak SK, Mohanty S, Samal SK, Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process., 523, 32 (2009)
- Lee JH, Lee BG, Park KH, Bang DS, Jhee KH, Sin MC, Elastomer Composites, 46, 211 (2011)
- Paunikallio T, Kasanen J, Suvanto M, Pakkanen TT, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 87(12), 1895 (2003)
- Kim HS, Lee BH, Choi SW, Kim SM, Kim HJ, Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf., 38, 1473 (2007)
- Deshpande AP, Rao MB, Rao CL, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 76(1), 83 (2000)
- Kellersztein I, Dotan A, Polym. Compos., DOI:10.1002/PC.23392 (2015)
- Chattopadhyay SK, Khandal RK, Uppaluri R, Ghoshal AK, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 119(3), 1619 (2011)
- Migneault S, Koubaa A, Perre P, Riedl B, Appl. Surf. Sci., 343, 11 (2015)
- Askanian H, Verney V, Commereuc S, Guyonnet R, Massardier V, Holzforschung, 69, 313 (2015)
- Salleh FM, Hassan A, Yahya R, Azzahari AD, Compos. Part B, 58, 259 (2014)