화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Macromolecular Research, Vol.23, No.12, 1134-1143, December, 2015
DOI10.1007/s13233-015-3148-4  Export Citation
Water resistance and antimicrobial properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films containing surface-modified tetrapod zinc oxide whiskers
Dowan Kim, Soni Lee, Hyok Kwon, and Jongchul Seo†
  • Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon, 220-710, Korea
E-mail:
Tetrapod zinc oxide whiskers (TZnO-W) were successfully synthesized via a thermal oxidation method and surface-modified TZnO-W (STZnO-W) were prepared using a silane coupling agent to ensure good dispersion interaction in a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. Their chemical structure, morphology, and antimicrobial properties were investigated. Additionally, five different PVA/STZnO-W composite films were prepared with different STZnO-W content. Compared with pure PVA, the thermal properties and moisture barrier properties of the PVA/STZnO-W composite films were enhanced as STZnO-W, which may be the result of the strong interfacial interactions of the -OH groups of PVA and -NH2 of STZnO-W in the composite films. Furthermore, the addition of STZnO-W with a high surface to volume ratio and hydrophobicity may act as an excellent moisture barrier and form a tortuous path to adsorb and diffuse water molecules in the PVA matrix. The PVA/STZnO-W composite films showed remarkably enhanced antimicrobial activity against gram-negative micro-organisms such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) compared with gram-positive micro-organisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The enhanced thermal, moisture and antimicrobial properties achieved by incorporating STZnO-W can be advantageous in various packaging applications, though the antimicrobial properties around gram-positive micro-organisms require further research.
Keywords:poly(vinyl alcohol);tetrapod zinc oxide whisker;surface modification;moisture barrier;antimicrobial properties
  1. Reddy MM, Vivekanandhan S, Misra M, Bhatia SK, Mohanty AK, Prog. Polym. Sci, 38, 1653 (2013)
  2. Liu G, Song Y, Wang J, Zhuang H, Ma L, Li C, Liu Y, Zhang J, LWT-Food. Sci. Technol., 57, 562 (2014)
  3. Fernandes DM, Hechenleitner AAW, Lima SM, Andrade LHC, Caires ARL, Pineda EAG, Mater. Chem. Phys., 128(3), 371 (2011)
  4. Lim M, Kim D, Seo J, Han H, Macromol. Res., 22(10), 1096 (2014)
  5. Bursali EA, Coskum S, Kizil M, Yurdakoc M, Carbohydr. Polym., 83, 1377 (2011)
  6. Schuman T, Wikstrom M, Rigdahl M, Surf. Coat. Technol., 183, 96 (2004)
  7. Lim M, Kim D, Han H, Khan SB, Seo J, Polym. Compos., 36, 660 (2015)
  8. Nordin R, Ismail H, Ahmad Z, Rashid A, J. Vinyl Addit. Technol., 18, 120 (2012)
  9. Lee SY, Lee JD, Yang SM, J. Mater. Sci., 34(6), 1233 (1999)
  10. Bandyopadhyay A, De Sarkar M, Bhowmick A, J. Mater. Sci., 40(19), 5233 (2005)
  11. Ahangar EG, Abbaspour-fard MH, Shahtahmassebi N, Khojastehpour M, Maddahi P, J. Food Process. Preserv., 10.1111/jfpp.12363 (2014)
  12. Abd-Elrahman MI, Nanosc. Micros. Therm., 17, 194 (2013)
  13. Roy AS, Gupta S, Sindhu S, Parveen A, Ramamurthy PC, Compos. Pt. B-Eng., 47, 314 (2013)
  14. Tawale JS, Dey KK, Pasricha R, Sood KN, Srivastava AK, Thin Solid Films, 519(3), 1244 (2010)
  15. Kim D, Jang M, Seo J, Nam KH, Han H, Khan SB, Compos. Sci. Technol., 75, 84 (2013)
  16. Kim D, Lee Y, Seo J, Han H, Khan SB, Polym. Int., 62, 257 (2013)
  17. Zeng A, Zheng Y, Guo Y, Qiu S, Cheng L, Mater. Des., 34, 691 (2012)
  18. Hu G, Ma Y, Wang B, Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process., 504, 8 (2009)
  19. Shi J, Wang Y, Gao Y, Bai H, Compos. Sci. Technol., 68, 1338 (2008)
  20. Mallakpour S, Barati A, Prog. Org. Coat., 71, 391 (2011)
  21. Dhoot SN, Sorption and Transport of Gases and Organic Vapors in Poly(ethylene terephthalate), Dissertation, Doctor of Philosophy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2004.
  22. Zhu G, Wang F, Dong S, Xu K, Liu Y, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 52, 422 (2013)
  23. ASTM E2149-10, Standard Test Method for Determining the Antimicrobial Activity of Immobilized Antimicrobial Agents Under Dynamic Contact Conditions, ASTM International (2010).
  24. Sharma D, Rajput J, Kaith BS, Kaur M, Sharma S, Thin Solid Films, 519(3), 1224 (2010)
  25. Jeong S, Kim D, Seo J, Prog. Org. Coat., 77, 981 (2014)
  26. JIS Z 2801, Antimicrobial Products-Test for Antimicrobial Activity and Efficacy, Japanese Industrial Standard (2000).
  27. Noei H, Qiu H, Wang Y, Loffler E, Woll C, Muhler M, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 10, 7092 (2008)
  28. Cheng F, Sajedin SM, Kelly SM, Lee AF, Kornherr A, Carbohydr. Polym., 114, 246 (2014)
  29. Mallakpour S, Madani M, J. Mater. Sci., 49(14), 5112 (2014)
  30. Appendini P, Hotchkiss JH, Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol., 3, 113 (2002)
  31. Bastarrachea L, Dhawan S, Sablani SS, Food Eng. Rev., 3, 79 (2011)
  32. Sung SY, Sin LT, Tee TT, Bee ST, Rahmat AR, Rahman WAWA, Tan AC, Vikhraman M, Trends Food Sci. Technol., 33, 110 (2013)
  33. Krobthong S, Bhoomanee C, Choopun S, Tubtimtae A, Sujinnapram S, Sutthana S, Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 7, 100 (2013)
  34. Tam KH, Djurisic AB, Chan CMN, Xi YY, Tse CW, Leung YH, Chan WK, Leung FCC, Au DWT, Thin Solid Films, 516(18), 6167 (2008)
  35. Brayner R, Ferrari-lliou R, Brivois N, Djediat S, Benedetti MF, Fievet F, Nano Lett., 6, 866 (2006)
  36. Nair S, Sasidharan A, Divya RVV, Menon D, Nair S, Manzoor K, Raina S, J. Mater. Sci. -Mater. Med., 20, 235 (2009)
  37. Mansur HS, Orefice RL, Mansur AAP, Polymer, 45(21), 7193 (2004)
  38. Sreekumar PA, Al-Harthi MA, De SK, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 123(1), 135 (2012)
  39. Wang J, Xu C, Hu H, Wan L, Chen R, Zheng H, Liu F, Zhang M, Shang X, Wang X, J. Nanopart. Res., 13, 869 (2012)
  40. Mansur HS, Sadahira CM, Souza AN, Mansur AAP, Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst., 58, 539 (2008)
  41. Wu H, Rogalski M, Kessler MR, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 5, 9478 (2013)
  42. Gan YX, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 10(12), 5115 (2009)
  43. Alavi S, Thomas S, Sandeep KP, Kalarikkal N, Varghese J, Yaragalla S, Polymers for Packaging Applications, Apple Academic Press, Toronto, 2015, pp 3-38, 405-409.
  44. Ahvenainen R, Novel Food Packaging Technology, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, 2003, pp 50-65, 172-185.
  45. Kim D, Kwon H, Seo J, Polym. Compos., 35, 644 (2014)