화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Macromolecular Research, Vol.24, No.1, 66-73, January, 2016
DOI10.1007/s13233-016-4012-x  Export Citation
Synthesis, flame retardancy, and thermal degradation behaviors of novel organo-phosphorus compounds derived from 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)
Woojung Kim1, DongQuy Hoang1, 2, Hai Vothi1, Congtranh Nguyen1, 2, Thanhkieu Giang1, Haiyan An1, and Jinhwan Kim1, †
  • 1Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Korea
  • 2University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
E-mail:
A series of novel organo-phosphorus compounds was synthesized from 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene- 10-oxide (DOPO) in an attempt to obtain high phosphorus (P) containing halogen-free flame retardant (FR). The success of synthesis was confirmed by 1H and 31P NMR spectra. The P content of FR varied from 12.95 to 19.22 wt%. Thermal stabilities of synthesized FRs and their flame retardancy for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene- Styrene copolymer (ABS) were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and the classification of UL-94 V-0 rating, respectively. 27.5-30.0 wt% FR loadings gave the V-0 rating for the ABS/FR mixtures and no fume emission was observed. It was found that the flame retardancy strongly depends on the P content of FR and 5.03-5.30 wt% P is required in the formulation to exhibit self-extinguishing ability when phosphinate or phosphonate FRs are employed. The mode of flame retardancy action is also discussed.
Keywords:9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO);organo-phosphorus;flame retardant;phosphorus content;acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS)
  1. Hilado CJ, Flammability Handbook for Plastics, 5th ed., Technomic Publishing Co., Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1998.
  2. Troitzsch J, Plastics Flammability Handbook, 3rd ed., Hanser Publications, Munich, 2004.
  3. Price D, Anthony G, Carty P, in Fire Retardant Materials, A. Horrocks R, Price D, Eds., Woodhead Publishing Ltd., England, 2001, pp 1-30.
  4. Svec P, Rosik L, Horak Z, Vecerka F, Styrene-Based Plastics and Their Modification, Ellis Horwood, New York, 1990.
  5. Luijk P, Govers HAJ, Eijkel GB, Boon JJ, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 20, 11 (1991)
  6. Dumler R, Thoma H, Chemosphere, 19, 11 (1989)
  7. Nakamura Y, Yamaguchi M, Okubo M, Matsumoto T, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 45, 11 (1992)
  8. Annakurtty KS, Kishore K, Polymer, 29, 11 (1988)
  9. Kannan P, Kishore K, Polymer, 33, 11 (1992)
  10. Banks M, Ebdon JR, Johnson M, Polymer, 34, 11 (1993)
  11. Anderson CE, Ketchun DE, Mountain WP, J. Fire Sci., 6, 11 (1998)
  12. Benavides R, Edge M, Allen NS, Tellez MM, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 68(1), 11 (1998)
  13. Levchik SV, Proceedings of the 17th Annual BCC Conference on Recent Advances in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, Stamford, USA, 2006.
  14. Wang CS, Shieh JY, Sun YM, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 70, 11 (1998)
  15. Wang CS, Lin CH, Polymer, 40, 11 (1999)
  16. Wang CS, Lin CH, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 37, 11 (1999)
  17. Wang CS, Shieh JY, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 73, 11 (1999)
  18. Shieh JY, Wang CS, Polymer, 42, 11 (2001)
  19. Liu YL, Polymer, 42, 11 (2001)
  20. Liu YL, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 40, 11 (2002)
  21. Hussain M, Varley RJ, Mathys Z, Cheng YB, Simon GP, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 91, 11 (2004)
  22. Liu YL, Wei WL, Chen WY, Polym. Int., 52, 11 (2003)
  23. Lin CH, Polymer, 45, 11 (2004)
  24. Purnanand DD, Shakya PD, Shefalis S, Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem., 177, 11 (2002)
  25. Harger MJP, Stephen MA, J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 1, 11 (1981)
  26. Abduvakhabov AA, Kasymov SK, Uzbekskii Khimicheskii Zhurnal, 5, 11 (1983)
  27. Hoang D, Kim J, Macromol. Res., 21, 11 (2013)
  28. Hoang D, Kim W, An H, Kim J, Macromol. Res., 23, 11 (2015)
  29. Lorenzetti A, Modesti M, Besco S, Hrelja D, Donadi S, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 96, 11 (2011)
  30. Braun U, Balabanovich AI, Schartel B, Knoll U, Artner J, Ciesielski M, Doring M, Perez R, Sandler JKW, Altstadt V, Hoffmann T, Pospiech D, Polymer, 47, 11 (2006)
  31. Price D, Cunliffe LK, Bullett KJ, Hull TJ, Milnes GJ, Ebdon JR, Hunt BJ, Joseph P, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 92, 11 (2007)
  32. Schafer A, Seibold S, Lohstroh W, Walter O, Doring M, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 105, 11 (2007)
  33. Buczko A, Stelzig T, Bommer L, Rentsch D, Heneczkowski M, Gaan S, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 107, 11 (2014)
  34. Konig A, Kroke E, Fire Mater., 36, 11 (2012)
  35. Schartel B, Balabanovich AI, Braun U, Knoll U, Artner J, Ciesielski M, Doring M, Perez R, Sandler JKW, Altstadt V, Hoffmann T, Pospiech D, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 104, 11 (2007)
  36. Konig A, Kroke E, Polym. Adv. Technol., 22, 5 (2011)
  37. Butnaru I, Fernandez-Ronco MP, Czech-Polak J, Heneczkowski M, Bruma M, Gaan S, Polymer, 7, 11 (2015)
  38. Twarowski A, Combust. Flame, 102, 11 (1995)
  39. Zegers EJP, Fisher EM, Combust. Flame, 115, 11 (1998)
  40. Korobeinichev OP, Shvartsberg VM, Chernov AA, Combust. Flame, 118, 11 (1999)
  41. Macdonald MA, Gouldin FC, Fisher EM, Combust. Flame, 124, 11 (2001)
  42. Nguyen C, Kim J, Polym. Adv. Technol., 22, 11 (2011)
  43. Hoang D, Kim J, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 93, 11 (2008)
  44. Hoang D, Kim J, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 93, 11 (2008)