Sol-gel based phenolphthalein encapsulated heterogeneous silica-titania optochemical pH nanosensor

Shumaila Islam; Noriah Bidin; Saira Riaz; Shahzad Naseem

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.34, 258-268, February, 2016

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2015.11.022 Export Citation

Sol-gel based phenolphthalein encapsulated heterogeneous silica-titania optochemical pH nanosensor

Shumaila Islam, Noriah Bidin^†, Saira Riaz¹, and Shahzad Naseem¹

Laser Centre, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
¹Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, QAC, Lahore 54590, Pakistan

E-mail:

Thermally stable phenolphthalein encapsulated silica-titania nanomatrix is fabricated by sol-gel method for optochemical pH sensing. The particle size ~56-121 nm is obtained with average surface roughness of 3.95 nm after the encapsulation of dye which is highly appropriate for optical and sensing applications. High surface area value ~218 m2/g, pore volume of 0.16 cm3/g and pore diameter of 31.49 A˚ is obtained after encapsulation. Furthermore, the sensor response is optimized at pH 10. Fast response time 1-2 s, sensitivity with good reproducibility identify that the fabricated optochemical nanosensor is challenging for the detection of pH at room temperature.

Keywords:Phenolphthalein;Sol-gel encapsulation;pH-sensor;Heterogeneous silica-titania nanomatrix

[References]

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Islam S, Rahman R, Othaman Z, Riaz S, Naseem S, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 20(6), 4408 (2014)
Islam S, Rahman RA, Othaman ZB, Riaz S, Naseem S, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 23, 140 (2015)
Islam S, Rahman R, Othaman Z, Riaz S, Saeed MA, Naseem S, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 68, 162 (2013)
Islam S, Riaz S, Rahman RA, Naseem S, Othaman Z, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 74, 368 (2015)
Riaz S, Naseem S, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 74(2), 299 (2015)
Almeida RM, DeBarros Marques MI, Orignac X, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 8, 293 (1997)
Matsui M, Mizuno C, Kubota Y, Funabiki K, Takahashi Y, Dyes Pigment., 113, 274 (2015)
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Lin J, Liu D, Anal. Chim. Acta, 408, 49 (2000)
Hashemi P, Abolghasemi MM, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 115, 49 (2006)
Mileda OB, Grossob D, Sanchezb C, Livageb J, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 65, 1751 (2004)
Kubeckova M, Pospisilova M, Matejec V, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 2, 591 (1994)
El-Nahhal IM, Zourab SM, El-Ashgar NM, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 22(6), 583 (2001)
Maia F, Tedim J, Bastos AC, Ferreira MGS, Zheludkevich ML, Nanotechnology, 24, 9 (2013)
Kubeckova M, Pospisilova M, Matijec V, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 2, 591 (1994)
Ben-David O, Shafir E, Gilath I, Prior Y, Avnir D, Chem. Mater., 9, 2255 (1997)
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Riaz S, Ashraf R, Akbar A, Naseem S, IEEE Trans. Magnet., 50(8), 230180 (2014)
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Federman SR, Costa VC, Vasconcelos DCL, Vasconcelos WL, Mater. Res., 10(2), 177 (2007)
Singh S, Singh A, Wana M, Yadav RR, Tandon P, Rasool SSA, Yadav BC, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 205, 102 (2014)
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Garccıa-Heras M, Gil C, Carmona N, Faber J, Kromka K, Villegas MA, Anal. Chim. Acta, 540, 147 (2005)
Wang E, Chow K, Kwan V, Chin T, Wong C, Bocarsly A, Anal. Chim. Acta, 495, 45 (2003)
Malins C, Glever HG, Keyes TE, Vos JG, Dressick WJ, MacCraith BD, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 67, 89 (2000)
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Butler TM, MacCraith BD, McDonagh C, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 224, 249 (1998)

[1] Cusano A, Arregui FJ, Giordano M, Cutolo A, Optochemical Nanosensors, Taylor & Francis, 2012, pp. 167-204 eBook.

[2] Islam S, Rahman R, Othaman Z, Riaz S, Naseem S, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 20(6), 4408 (2014)

[3] Islam S, Rahman RA, Othaman ZB, Riaz S, Naseem S, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 23, 140 (2015)

[4] Islam S, Rahman R, Othaman Z, Riaz S, Saeed MA, Naseem S, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 68, 162 (2013)

[5] Islam S, Riaz S, Rahman RA, Naseem S, Othaman Z, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 74, 368 (2015)

[6] Riaz S, Naseem S, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 74(2), 299 (2015)

[7] Almeida RM, DeBarros Marques MI, Orignac X, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 8, 293 (1997)

[8] Matsui M, Mizuno C, Kubota Y, Funabiki K, Takahashi Y, Dyes Pigment., 113, 274 (2015)

[9] Rovati L, Fabbri P, Ferrari L, Pilati F, in: Yasin DM (Ed.), Plastic optical fiber pH sensor using a sol-gel sensing matrix, In Tech, 2012, p. 415, Italy.

[10] Lin J, Liu D, Anal. Chim. Acta, 408, 49 (2000)

[11] Hashemi P, Abolghasemi MM, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 115, 49 (2006)

[12] Mileda OB, Grossob D, Sanchezb C, Livageb J, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 65, 1751 (2004)

[13] Kubeckova M, Pospisilova M, Matejec V, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 2, 591 (1994)

[14] El-Nahhal IM, Zourab SM, El-Ashgar NM, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 22(6), 583 (2001)

[15] Maia F, Tedim J, Bastos AC, Ferreira MGS, Zheludkevich ML, Nanotechnology, 24, 9 (2013)

[16] Kubeckova M, Pospisilova M, Matijec V, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 2, 591 (1994)

[17] Ben-David O, Shafir E, Gilath I, Prior Y, Avnir D, Chem. Mater., 9, 2255 (1997)

[18] Falcao AN, Sousa JS, Carrapico M, Margaca FMA, Carvalho FG, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 26, 345 (2003)

[19] Singh R, Yadav BC, Adv. Sci. Lett., 20, 895 (2014)

[20] Kesmez O, Erdem H, Amurlu C, Burunkaya E, Arpac E, Ceram. Int., 36(1), 391 (2010)

[21] Michael LH, Alexandrov SE, New Approaches to Titania and Silica CVD, The Electrochemical Society Interface, 2001.

[22] Shah SMH, Riaz S, Akbar A, Atiq S, Naseem S, IEEE Trans. Magnet., 50(8), 220090 (2014)

[23] Riaz S, Ashraf R, Akbar A, Naseem S, IEEE Trans. Magnet., 50(8), 230180 (2014)

[24] Akbar A, Riaz S, Bashir M, Naseem S, IEEE Trans. Magnet., 50(8), 220080 (2014)

[25] Federman SR, Costa VC, Vasconcelos DCL, Vasconcelos WL, Mater. Res., 10(2), 177 (2007)

[26] Singh S, Singh A, Wana M, Yadav RR, Tandon P, Rasool SSA, Yadav BC, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 205, 102 (2014)

[27] Kalele S, Dey R, Hebalkar N, Urban J, Gosavi SW, Kulkarni SK, Pramana, 65(5), 787 (2005)

[28] Leong KH, Chu HY, Ibrahim S, Saravanan P, Beilstein J. Nanotechnol., 6, 428 (2015)

[29] Wang X, Wu G, Zhou B, Materials, 6, 2819 (2013)

[30] Abdel-Azim SM, Aboul-Gheit AK, Ahmed SM, El-Desouki DS, Abdel-Mottaleb MSA, Int. J. Photoenergy, 2014, 11 (2014)

[31] Sayari A, Hamoudi S, Chem. Mater., 13, 3151 (2001)

[32] Bernardi MIB, Leea EJH, Lisboa-Filhoa PN, Leitea ER, Longoa E, Varela JA, Mater. Res., 4, 223 (2001)

[33] Wang X, Wu G, Zhou B, Shen J, Materials, 6(7), 2819 (2013)

[34] El Nahhal I, Zourab S, Kodeh F, Babonneau F, Hegazy W, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 62(2), 117 (2012)

[35] Qudaih IA, Thin Film of Optical pH Sensors Using Spin Coating in Chemistry, Al-Azhar University of Gaza, Palestine, 2010.

[36] Zaggout FR, El-Ashgar NM, Zourab SM, El-Nahhal IM, Motaweh H, Mater. Lett., 59, 2928 (2005)

[37] Makote R, Collinson MM, Anal. Chim. Acta, 394, 195 (1999)

[38] Jeronimo PCA, Araujo AN, Montenegro MC, Talanta, 72, 13 (2007)

[39] Ismail F, Malinsa C, Goddard NJ, Analyst, 127, 253 (2002)

[40] Garccıa-Heras M, Gil C, Carmona N, Faber J, Kromka K, Villegas MA, Anal. Chim. Acta, 540, 147 (2005)

[41] Wang E, Chow K, Kwan V, Chin T, Wong C, Bocarsly A, Anal. Chim. Acta, 495, 45 (2003)

[42] Malins C, Glever HG, Keyes TE, Vos JG, Dressick WJ, MacCraith BD, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 67, 89 (2000)

[43] Lobnik A, Majcen N, Niederreiter K, Uray G, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 74, 200 (2001)

[44] Blair S, Lowe MP, Mathieu CE, Parker D, Senanayake PK, Kataky R, Inorg. Chem., 40(23), 5860 (2001)

[45] Villegas MA, Garcıa MA, Paje SE, Llopis J, J. European Ceram. Soc., 22(9), 1475 (2002)

[46] Lobnika A, Oehmea I, Murkovica I, Wolfbeisb OS, Anal. Chim. Acta, 367, 159 (1998)

[47] Butler TM, MacCraith BD, McDonagh C, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 224, 249 (1998)