Applied Surface Science, Vol.365, 306-313, 2016
The effect of ion irradiation and elevated temperature on the microstructure and the properties of C/W/C/B multilayer coating
C/W/C/B multi-layer PVD coating with a layer period of 10 nm and 500 nm in thickness was irradiated with 45 keV N ions at fluence of 1 x 10(17) cm(-2). Ion irradiation was performed at room temperature or at an elevated temperature of 500 degrees C. The microstructure was investigated by X-ray diffraction, by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy, and by Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that implanted N ions bond both with W atoms and with C atoms. N ion irradiation induced the formation of WC and WC1-x, phases. The energetic ions transformed the C bonds in defect sp(2) and defect sp(3) hybridizations, resulting in graphitization of the carbon fraction in the multilayer coating. Ion irradiation reduced the cohesive strength of the monolayers, reduced hardness of the C/W/C/B coating, increased its surface roughness and increased its friction coefficient. An elevated temperature during ion irradiation caused a better arrangement of the WC phase and further graphitization of the carbon fraction, in comparison with a coating treated by ion irradiation at room temperature. There is discussion of the causes of the observed changes in surface properties. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.