In the bioenergy discourse that ties energy and agricultural markets closely together, evidence based policy formulation is key to ensure integrated food and energy systems are developed when viable. Bioenergy is a particularly complex form of renewable energy as it covers a broad range of disciplines thus requiring a multidisciplinary approach to ensure viability. If built in a specific manner it has the option to target and provide investments in agriculture, a key sector for a number of developing economies. Due to the complexity of the issue, generating information, especially when resources are limited, can be cumbersome. We present a multidisciplinary approach, the Bioenergy and Food Security (BEFS) Rapid Appraisal, that can provide a first level of information within the decision making process. The analysis within the BEFS Rapid Appraisal defines the country context, estimates the biomass available for bioenergy production and ties this amount to specific bioenergy supply chains. Available biomass originating from agriculture is calculated net of current and foreseen uses and needs, thus accounting for food security. The bioenergy production potential is evaluated by quantifying the feedstock available, identifying income and employment opportunities, and energy access options. We present an application of the BEFS Rapid Appraisal for rural electrification options in Malawi. (C) 2015 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.