The paper is concerned with the surface chemistry of several different carbon fibres subjected to various surface treatments. The microstructure and nanostructures of these fibres were investigated in the Part I of this series of papers. For analysis of the surface chemistry of the fibres, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) were employed; the first method was used for identification and semi-quantitative determination of functional surface groups, while the second method was used for a quantitative determination of these groups. The possible interactions of the various carbon-fibre surfaces due to different surface treatments (and therefore to different functional groups) were analysed by wetting studies using the Wilhelmy technique and aqueous solutions of different pH values as test liquids. By variation of the pH value of the test liquids, the distinct acid-base complexes that formed with the functional groups were identified. The same test liquids were used for characterization of the surface chemistry of the high-temperature thermoplastics (polycarbonate and polyethersulphone) used as matrix materials in the fabrication of the composites in this study. Acid-base interactions at the carbon-fibre surfaces are mainly determined by carboxylic groups of different acidity. The concentration of these groups as determined by desorption of carbon dioxide up to 500-degrees-C is shown to be directly proportional to the measured work of adhesion of each group.