Increasing competition, shorter product cycles, various products, and faster technology innovation lead to more complex production systems. For the product life cycle, forecast of product demand, resource availability, and technology chances become a mission impossible. Applying a modularization strategy, future production systems have to be designed as no-regret solutions that add risk minimization to profit maximization. Additive manufacturing and industry 4.0 will significantly improve economics of modular designs for the chemical-pharmaceutical industry.