The scientific literature on the influence of various factors on the lipid content and composition in biomass of basidial fungi was reviewed. The influence of carbon and nitrogen sources, C:N ratio, temperature, and pH of the medium on the biomass yield and lipid fatty-acid content and composition was analyzed for various basidial fungi. The most promising substrate for biodiesel fuel production was vegetable residues and/or waste liquors. The culture conditions should be chosen with a view to maximizing the biomass yield and monounsaturated fatty-acid content in the fungal lipids.