Fabrication of macroporous carbon foam using glycol-derivatives as liquid templates

Haebong Byun; Yeongseon Kim; Hyejun Jung; Sung-Hyeon Baeck; Wha-Seung Ahn; Sang Eun Shim

Macromolecular Research, Vol.24, No.3, 240-248, March, 2016

DOI10.1007/s13233-016-4038-0 Export Citation

Fabrication of macroporous carbon foam using glycol-derivatives as liquid templates

Haebong Byun, Yeongseon Kim, Hyejun Jung, Sung-Hyeon Baeck , Wha-Seung Ahn , and Sang Eun Shim^†

Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyundong, Namgu, Incheon, 22212, Korea

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Porous carbon foams were fabricated using phenol and formaldehyde (PF) as carbon precursors. The pore size and porosity of the foams were controlled using glycol-derivatives as porogen during condensation polymerization. The morphology of the resulting carbon foam with macroporous porosity and well dispersed pore structures were verified by mercury porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The compressive stress of the resulting carbon foam increased with increasing molecular weights of glycol-derivatives due to the decrease in porosity. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism was identified to involve glycol-derivatives in the condensation reaction of PF, which generated the porosity of the resulting carbon foam by releasing volatile compounds according to thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As a result, the mechanical properites of the carbon foam could be affected by the morphological properties of macroporous structures using different types and concentrations of glycol-derivatives.

Keywords:carbon foam;liquid templates;macro porous;glycol;carbonization

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[1] Zhang L, Ma J, Carbon, 47, 1451 (2009)

[2] Wu X, Liu Y, Fang M, Mei L, Luo B, Carbon, 49, 1782 (2011)

[3] Chen C, Kennel EB, Stiller AH, Stansberry PG, Zondlo JW, Carbon, 44, 1535 (2006)

[4] Zeng CC, Hossieny N, Zhang C, Wang B, Polymer, 51(3), 655 (2010)

[5] Ge M, Shen Z, Chi W, Liu H, Carbon, 45, 141 (2007)

[6] Inagaki M, Morishita T, Kuno A, Kito T, Hirano M, Suwa T, Kusakawa K, Carbon, 42, 497 (2004)

[7] Chen Y, Chen BZ, Shi XC, Xu H, Hu YJ, Yuan Y, Shen NB, Carbon, 45, 2126 (2007)

[8] Guo T, Zhu J, Xi C, Song M, Zhang B, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 353, 2893 (2007)

[9] Kao LH, Hsu TC, Mater. Lett., 62, 695 (2008)

[10] Wang YX, Tan SH, Jiang DL, Zhang XY, Carbon, 41, 2065 (2003)

[11] Nam G, Choi S, Byun H, Rhym YM, Shim SE, Macromol. Res., 21(9), 958 (2013)

[12] Wang YX, Tan SH, Jiang DL, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 22(19), 1343 (2003)

[13] Hatori H, Kobayashi T, Hanzawa Y, Yamada Y, Limura Y, Kimura T, Shiraishi M, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 79(5), 836 (2001)

[14] Strano MS, Agarwal H, Pedrick J, Redman D, Foley HC, Carbon, 41, 2501 (2003)

[15] Xu S, Qiao G, Wang H, Li D, Lu T, Mater. Lett., 62, 3716 (2008)

[16] Ouchi K, Carbon, 4, 59 (1966)

[17] Trick KA, Saliba TE, Carbon, 33, 1509 (1995)

[18] Xu S, Li J, Qiao G, Wang H, Lu T, Carbon, 47, 2103 (2009)

[19] Park H, Seo J, Kim M, Baeck SH, Shim SE, Synth. Met., 199, 121 (2015)

[20] Kowalczyk P, Jaroniec M, Terzyk AP, Kaneko K, Do DD, Langmuir, 21(5), 1827 (2005)

[21] Lu YG, Li ZQ, Wang P, Yang CL, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 121(1), 336 (2011)

[22] Meister JJ, Polymer Modification, Marcel Dekker Press, Switzerland, 2000.

[23] Morterra C, Low MJD, Carbon, 23, 525 (1985)

[24] Jackson WM, Conley RT, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 8, 2163 (1964)

[25] Ko TH, Kuo WS, Chang YH, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 81(5), 1084 (2001)

[26] Job N, Pirard R, Marien J, Pirard JP, Carbon, 42, 619 (2004)

[27] Costa L, Montelera LR, Camino G, Weil ED, Pearce EM, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 56, 23 (1997)

[28] Strehmel V, Wetzel H, Strehmel B, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 60(8), 1221 (1996)