Wear resistance of Ni superalloys and oxide-dispersed Ni alloys was studied at room temperature. The wear resistance was connected with dislocation behaviour in the alloys. Dislocations in Ni-1%Al2O3 and Ni-0.5%Y-1%Al2O3 easily cross-slipped at dispersed alumina particles. Dislocation cell structures fully developed. Easiness of the cell structure formation corresponded to the lower wear resistance of Ni-1%Al2O3 and Ni-0.5%Y-1%Al2O3 than Ni. On the other hand, the dislocations in MA6000 hardly cross-slipped at the dispersed yttoria. Cell structure was not formed. Difficulty of cell formation corresponded to the higher wear resistance of MA6000 than Sumicolloy No. 6, a kind of stellite alloy.