189 conditioned residential single-family and multi-family homes in the cooling-dominated climate of Texas were instrumented with home energy management systems (HEMS) to collect sub-metered data on HVAC operations. This study analyses the HVAC operation from these homes over a 1-year period to determine the duty cycles of the HVAC systems. This includes annual, monthly, and hourly HVAC ON-OFF operation patterns. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship to HVAC energy use and whole-home energy use, and the influence of building and occupant characteristics. HVAC runtimes are found to be approximately 20% per year, but vary, depending on the season and time of day. Daily and monthly runtime fractions are lowest (10%) at average outdoor temperatures of 15 degrees C, and increase with increasing or decreasing temperature. Hourly runtime peaks at 7 pm in the cooling season, while in the heating and transition seasons, it peaks at 7 am. The number of occupants and the indoor cooling set point temperature were found to most strongly influence the HVAC runtime. The results are formatted to be used in various building and indoor air quality applications where the studied phenomena are influenced by HVAC operation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.