Alpha olefins were prepared from the steam cracking process of coal liquefaction wax and the cracking alpha-olefins products were used for the synthesis of poly alpha olefins. Under optimal cracking conditions, the result shows that the yields of liquid and gas are 43.1 and 19.5%, respectively. The single-pass conversion is 62.6% and the a-olefin single-pass yield is 28.4%. Furthermore, the total content of alpha olefins in cracking liquid product reaches 65.9%. The oligomer formed from the cracking product shows lower yield, higher freezing point, higher kinematic viscosity, and lower viscosity index as compared to the oligomer prepared from 1-decene monomer. The oligomers from the cracking product and 1-decene have similar distillation ranges.