We introduce the concept of polynomial input-output stability for infinite-dimensional linear systems. We show that this stability type corresponds exactly to the recent notion of P-stability in the frequency domain. In addition, we show that on a Hilbert space a regular linear system whose system operator generates a polynomially stable semigroup is always polynomially input-output stable, and present additional conditions under which the system is input-output stable. The results are illustrated with an example of a polynomially input-output stable one-dimensional wave system.