Noninvasive monitoring of environmental toxicity through green fluorescent protein expressing Escherichia coli

Young Hoon Song; Chang Sup Kim; Jeong Hyun Seo

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.33, No.4, 1331-1336, April, 2016

DOI10.1007/s11814-015-0253-1 Export Citation

Noninvasive monitoring of environmental toxicity through green fluorescent protein expressing Escherichia coli

Young Hoon Song, Chang Sup Kim¹, and Jeong Hyun Seo^†

School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
¹School of Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea

E-mail:

The facile and rapid monitoring of the cellular response to environmental stresses is crucial for understanding the effects of environmental toxicity in living organisms. The overall cell growth can be examined to find a simple monitoring system. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is advantageous when used as a reporter protein of the cellular stress responses in Escherichia coli because it allows the non-invasive monitoring of GFP in vivo without affecting the cell metabolism. We compared the environmental toxicities of chemical pollutants using GFP expressing E. coli for easy monitoring by incubation in various concentrations of harmful chemicals (ethanol, phenol, para-formaldehyde, paraben, and triclosan). The results showed that all the chemical pollutants act on cell growth and the cell metabolism according to the measured cell density and fluorescent intensity of GFP. In addition, from comparative analysis for quantification, the concentration of unknown ethanol toxicity, which was not determined at that concentration, could be deduced. In conclusion, the degree of toxicity for each chemical pollutant could be estimated or evaluated. This system will be useful for monitoring the toxicity of chemical pollutants in a non-invasive monitoring system.

Keywords:Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP);Escherichia coli (E. coli);Noninvasive Monitoring;Chemical Pollutants;Stress;Toxicity

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[2] Grossman AD, Taylor WE, Burton ZF, Burgess RR, Gross CA, J. Mol. Biol., 186, 357 (1985)

[3] Neidhardt FC, VanBogelen RA, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 100, 894 (1981)

[4] Van Dyk TK, Majarian WR, Konstantinov KB, Young RM, Dhurjati PS, LaRossa RA, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60, 1414 (1994)

[5] Yura T, Nagai H, Mori H, Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 47, 321 (1993)

[6] Hendrick JP, Hartl FU, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 62, 349 (1993)

[7] Sedger L, Ruby J, J. Virol., 68, 4685 (1994)

[8] Birnbaum S, Bailey JE, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 37, 736 (1991)

[9] Goff SA, Goldberg AL, Cell, 41, 587 (1985)

[10] Harcum SW, Bentley WE, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 42, 675 (1993)

[11] Matin A, Mol. Microbiol., 5, 3 (1991)

[12] John ACS, Goldberg AL, J. Bacteriol., 143, 1223 (1980)

[13] Jenkins DE, Auger EA, Matin A, J. Bacteriol., 173, 1992 (1991)

[14] Van Dyk TK, Reed TR, Vollmer AC, LaRossa RA, J. Bacteriol., 177, 6001 (1995)

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[19] Cha HJ, Srivastava R, Vakharia VM, Rao G, Bentley WE, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65, 409 (1999)

[20] Yoo HJ, Seo JH, Kang DG, Cha HJ, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 24(1), 99 (2007)

[21] Ravikumar S, Ganesh I, Maruthamuthu MK, Hong SH, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32(10), 2073 (2015)

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[23] Dombek KM, Ingram LO, J. Bacteriol., 157, 233 (1984)

[24] McDonnell G, Russell AD, Clin. Microbiol. Rev, 12, 147 (1999)

[25] Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Marks JG, Andersen FA, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 52, 125 (2005)

[26] Golden R, Gandy J, Vollmer G, Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 35, 435 (2005)

[27] Harvey PW, Darbre P, J. Appl. Toxicol., 24, 167 (2004)

[28] Soni MG, Carabin IG, Burdock GA, Food Chem. Toxicol., 43, 985 (2005)

[29] Bhargava HN, Leonard PA, Am. J. Infect. Control, 24, 209 (1996)

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[31] Power EGM, Prog. Med. Chem., 34, 149 (1995)

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[33] Pulvertaft RJV, Lumb GD, J. Hyg., 46, 62 (1948)

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[35] Srivastava RB, Thompson REM, Nature, 206, 216 (1965)

[36] Hernandez A, Ruiz FM, Romero A, Martinez JL, Plos Pathog., 7, e10021 (2011)

[37] Maillard JY, J. Appl. Microbiol., 92(Suppl), 16S (2002)

[38] Saleh S, Haddadin RNS, Baillie S, Collier PJ, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 52, 87 (2010)