In this study, V was used as a dopant to defect into the TiO2 lattice, leading to formation of Ti3+ and V4+ in the lattice. The presence of Ti3+ and V4+ introduced into the TiO2 lattice increased the electron-hole pair generation capacity and electron-hole pair separation efficiency of the TiO2, leading to enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst. Porous polyurethane (PU) was used to immobilize the V-doped TiO2 by creating chemical bonds. The use of porous substrate contributed to the increased adsorption ability of the enhanced photocatalyst, as well as expanded its application for the removal of toluene from aerosols. Under dark conditions, the V-TiO2/PU only exhibited adsorption ability for toluene treatment in aerosol. Under visible light conditions, the V-TiO2/PU exhibited high photocatalytic oxidation ability for the removal of toluene in aerosol. The photocatalytic oxidation ability was found to depend on the V to TiO2 ratio. The optimal V content in V/TiO20 for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 was determined to be 6 wt%. Even under visible light irradiation, the 6% V-TiO2/PU sample could photocatalytically remove 80% of the toluene in 200-ppmV inlet gas, while 89.3% of the removed amount was mineralized into CO2 and H2O. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.