This work describes a versatile method to encapsulate graphene oxide (GO) with polymers using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated emulsion polymerization. A living low molecular weight anionic macro-RAFT statistical copolymer of sodium styrene sulfonate, acrylic acid, and butyl acrylate (BA) was synthesized using 2-{[(butylsulfanyl)carbonothioyl] sulfanyl} propanoic acid as the chain transfer agent. GO was dispersed in water by pretreating the surface with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), before being stabilized by the addition of the anionic macro-RAFT copolymer. PAH was used to facilitate the adsorption of the macro-RAFT copolymer to the GO surface via electrostatic attraction between opposite charges. The dispersed GO sheets were encapsulated with polymer by the free radical emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate and BA under starved fed conditions. The polymer shells encapsulating the GO sheets were formed by the chain extension of the adsorbed living macro-RAFT copolymer. TEM, SEM, FTIR, and AFM were used to confirm the presence of the polymer layer on the surface of the GO. The thickness of the polymer coating can be adjusted by controlling the amount of monomer fed into the system. Partial polymer coatings of the GO could be achieved by varying the amount of PAH. The encapsulated GO was found to be easily dispersed in both aqueous and organic solvents over a range of polarities. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1413-1421