Amorphous poly(lactide) (PLA) and nanocomposite films were prepared from melt-blending with precipitated calcium carbonate nanofillers (PCC). Nanocomposites based on uncoated PCC (PCC-UT), stearic acid coated PCC (PCC-S), and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) coated PCC (PCC-P) were investigated for an inorganic content fixed to 8 wt %. Using coated nanofillers allowed preserving both PLA average molar mass and thermal stability while enhancing the nanofiller dispersion state. Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) was identified as the best coating for optimized morphology and thermal properties. Maxwell law accurately described the increase in oxygen barrier properties observed for the nanocomposites based on PCC-S. A modified Maxwell law was proposed to take account of the additional increase in barrier properties evidenced for the PLA/PCC-P nanocomposites and assigned to the particularly strong compatibility between PCL and PLA. Different annealing conditions were investigated to respectively study the impact of physical ageing and PLA crystallization on gas permeability. Different extents of physical ageing did not significantly modify the oxygen transport properties. However, a high permeability decrease was observed for the semicrystalline nanocomposites with respect to the amorphous reference PLA film. Finally, the gain in barrier properties was shown to result from both contribution of the nanofillers and the crystalline phase. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 649-658