Transcription initiation by eukaryotic RNA polymerase (Pol) III relies on the subcomplex RPC62/RPC39/RPC32. Two distinct isoforms of RPC32 are encoded in the human genome. RPC32 alpha, expression is highly regulated and found only in stem cells and transformed cells, whereas RPC32 beta is ubiquitously expressed in tissues. Here we identify a core-interacting domain of RPC32 sufficient for the interaction with RPC62. We present the crystal structure of a complex of RPC62 and the RPC32 beta core domain. RPC32 beta associates with the extended winged helix 1 and 2 and the coiled coil domain of RPC62 qualifying RPC32 as a molecular bridge in between RPC62 domains. The RPC62-RPC32 complex fit into EM data suggests a bi-functional role for RPC32 through interactions with the largest Pol III subunit and through solvent exposed residues. RPC32 positioning into Pol III suggests that subunit-specific contacts at the surface of the Pol III holoenzyme are critical for its function. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.