We have used X-ray phase contrast tomography to resolve the structure of uncut, entire myelinated optic, saphenous and sciatic mouse nerves. Intrinsic electron density contrast suffices to identify axonal structures. Specific myelin labeling by an osmium tetroxide stain enables distinction between axon and surrounding myelin sheath. Utilization of spherical wave illumination enables zooming capabilities which enable imaging of entire sciatic intemodes as well as identification of sub-structures such as nodes of Ranvier and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.