Gd2O2S: Pr ceramics were fabricated by spark plasma sintering using the powders synthesized by carbothermal reduction method. The calcination temperature, carbon content, and other preparation conditions of the powders are optimized. The results indicate that the carbon content in the raw mixture has a great influence on the final phases of the phosphor powders. A possible reaction process and mechanism are also proposed. The spectroscopic properties of Gd2O2S: Pr phosphors and ceramics are studied by the photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray excitation luminescence (XEL) spectra, in which show a green emission at 513nm was detected as the main emission under the UV and X-ray excitation.